| The concept encompasses a wider range and | | | | addresses biological problems using computational |
| history of procedures for modifying living | | | | techniques, and makes the rapid organization and |
| organisms according to human purposes, going | | | | analysis of biological data possible. The field may |
| back to domestication of animals, cultivation of | | | | also be referred to as computational biology, and |
| plants and "improvements" to these through | | | | can be defined as, "conceptualizing biology in |
| breeding programs that employ artificial selection | | | | terms of molecules and then applying informatics |
| and hybridization. By comparison to biotechnology, | | | | techniques to understand and organize the |
| bioengineering is generally thought of as a related | | | | information associated with these molecules, on a |
| field with its emphasis more on mechanical and | | | | large scale."Bioinformatics plays a key role in |
| higher systems approaches to interfacing with and | | | | various areas, such as proteomics and |
| exploiting living things. | | | | genomicsand forms a key component in the |
| HISTORY | | | | biotechnology and pharmaceutical sector. |
| Although not normally thought of as | | | | - Blue biotechnology is a term that has been used |
| biotechnology, agriculture clearly fits the broad | | | | to describe the marine and aquatic applications of |
| definition of "using a biological system to make | | | | biotechnology, but its use is relatively rare. |
| products" such that the cultivation of plants may | | | | - Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to |
| be viewed as the earliest biotechnological | | | | agriculture processes. An example would be the |
| enterprise. Agriculture has been theorized to have | | | | selection and domestication of plants via |
| become the dominant way of producing food | | | | micropropagation. Another example is the |
| since the Neolithic Revolution. The processes and | | | | designing of transgenic plants to grow under |
| methods of agriculture have been refined by | | | | specific environments in the presence (or |
| other mechanical and biological sciences since its | | | | absence) of chemicals. One hope is that green |
| inception. Through early biotechnology, farmers | | | | biotechnology might produce more |
| were able to select the best suited and | | | | environmentally friendly solutions than traditional |
| highest-yield crops to produce enough food to | | | | industrial agriculture. An example of this is the |
| support a growing population. Other uses of | | | | engineering of a plant to express a pesticide, |
| biotechnology were required as crops and fields | | | | thereby ending the need of external application of |
| became increasingly large and difficult to maintain. | | | | pesticides. An example of this would be Bt |
| Specific organisms and organism by-products | | | | corn Whether or not green biotechnology |
| were used to fertilise restore nitrogen, and | | | | products such as this are ultimately more |
| control pests. Throughout the use of agriculture, | | | | environmentally friendly is a topic of considerable |
| farmers have inadvertently altered the genetics | | | | debate. |
| of their crops through introducing them to new | | | | - Red biotechnology is applied to |
| environments and breeding them with other | | | | medical processes. Some examples are the |
| plants—one of the first forms of biotechnology. | | | | designing of organisms to produce antibiotics and |
| Cultures such as those in , Egypt, and | | | | the engineering of genetic cures through genetic |
| Indiadeveloped the process of brewing beer. It is | | | | manupulation |
| still done by the same basic method of using | | | | - White Biotechnology, also known as industrial |
| malted grains (containing enzymes) to convert | | | | biotechnology, is biotechnology applied to |
| starch from grains into sugar and then adding | | | | industrial processes. An example is the designing |
| specific yeasts to produce beer. In this process | | | | of an organism to produce a useful chemical. |
| the carbohydrates in the grains were broken | | | | Another example is the using of enzymes as |
| down into alcohols such as ethanol. Ancient Indians | | | | industrial catalysts to either produce valuable |
| also used the juices of the plant Epheda and used | | | | chemicals or destroy hazardous/polluting chemicals. |
| to call it soma | | | | White biotechnology tends to consume less in |
| APPLICATIONS | | | | resources than traditional processes used to |
| Biotechnology has applications in four major | | | | produce industrial goods.The investment and |
| industrial areas, including health care (medical), crop | | | | economic output of all of these types of applied |
| production and agriculture, non food (industrial) | | | | biotechnologies is termed as bioeconomy |
| uses of crops and other products (e.g.biofuels), | | | | GENERAL Bio-Technology is a research oriented |
| and environmental uses. | | | | science, a combination of Biology and Technology. |
| For example, one application of biotechnology is | | | | It covers a wide variety of subjects like Genetics, |
| the directed use of organism for the | | | | Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Virology, |
| manufacture of organic products (examples | | | | Chemistry and Engineering and is also concerned |
| include beer and milk products). Another | | | | with many other subjects like Health and |
| example is using naturally present bacteria by the | | | | Medicine, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, |
| mining industry in bioleaching. Biotechnology is also | | | | Cropping system and Crop Management, Ecology, |
| used to recycle, treat waste, clean up sites | | | | Cell Biology, Soil science and Soil Conservation, |
| contaminated by industrial activities | | | | Bio-statistics, Plant Physiology, Seed Technology |
| (bioremediation), and also to produce bioloical | | | | etc. Bio-Technology is the use of living things, |
| weapons. | | | | especially cells and bacteria in industrial process. |
| A series of derived terms have been coined to | | | | There is a great scope in this field as the demand |
| identify several branches of biotechnology, for | | | | for biotechnologist are growing in india as well as |
| example: | | | | abroad. |
| - Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field which | | | | |