Bonding,Structure and Properties

Bonding, Structure and Propertiesbonding shows properties of high melting and
 When atoms join together, either with the sameboiling point. They are very hard but brittle and
atom or a different atom, the way it joins, hasconduct electricity when dissolved in water, or
considerable effect on its structure and thenmolten. They are often soluble in water and
consequently on its properties. The joining of angenerally insoluble in non-polar solvents.
atom to another atom is called Bonding. BondingCovalent Bonding
involves each atom either donating or accepting This type of bonding involves sharing of
electron from another atom. It is also doneelectrons between the two atoms. It is present in
through sharing electrons. There are three typesnon-metals such as Carbon, Chlorine, and Oxygen.
of bonding that will be discussed here.For example, in Oxygen, there are 6 electrons in
 Ionic Bondingthe outer shell. It would bond with another
The bonding involves ions as the name suggests.Oxygen by sharing its two electron with other
When an atom becomes a positive ion by losingOxygen’s two electron therefore sharing a
an electron, this positive ion will look for atotal of four electrons.
negative ion to attract. A negative ion will be the This is a double bond. In a single bond only one
atom that has gained an electron. When thesepair of electrons are shared such as between
positive and negative ions meet, throughChlorine and Chlorine.
attraction of opposites a bonding will be formed, Covalent bonds are strong and have a very high
which is known as ionic bonding.melting and boiling point. It does not conduct
 The substances that would have this type ofelectricity and is insoluble in water and non-polar
bondings are compounds of metals withsolvents.
non-metals. For example Sodium Chloride, whichMetallic Bonding
involves metal such as Sodium and non-metalThis bonding joins metal atoms together for
such as Chlorine, both become ions. Sodium hasexample Magnesium atoms. Many MgAtoms bond
one electron in its outer shell, which it will lose totogether to form a solid metal.
become a positive ion. Chlorine has seven Magnesium atoms are positive ions surrounded
electrons in its outer shell therefore will gain oneby delocalised electrons. Due to these delocalised
electron to form a stable outer shell and becomeelectrons, they conduct electricity. The melting
a negative ion. The structure, which is present inand boiling points are generally high in Metallic
ionic bonded compounds, is Giant Lattice.  Ionicbonding.